Alternative fuels and raw materials handbook for the cement tib. This book chapter discusses the types of the alternative fuels that can be used in. Energy and raw material sent to mexico in november 2016. That is why we make greater use of waste materials and byproducts from other industries as valuable raw materials and fuels. Coprocessing of wastes as alternative fuels and raw materials afr for energy and material recovery has been practiced in the cement industry for 40 years. New af storage and feeding system for co2 reduction animal meal, impregnated saw dust, chopped. In these cases, the byproducts of these stages, such as the gas produced from gasification or the ashes generated by incineration, can also be used as. New fuel cells are being developed that can use fossil fuels directly. Alternative fuels and raw materials handbook, volume 1 by mvw. The growth of cement industry in mena is marked by factors that are directly connected with sustainability, energy efficiency and raw material supply. Vci position paper chances and limitations for the use of renewable raw materials in the chemical industry core statements renewable raw materials have been established for a long time in the chemical industry. As feedstock, the term connotes a bottleneck asset critical to the production of other products. They are used in applications where they bring technical, economic or other advantages.
We manage to convert your residual fractions into environmentallyfriendly fuel for major fossil fuel consumers such as the cement and lime industries. The use of alternative fuels and raw materials in europe, in proc. Sign, fax and printable from pc, ipad, tablet or mobile with. Aerospace fuels from nonpetroleum raw materials bryan a. Environmental damage fossil fuel emissions from vehicles damage the environment and contribute to air pollution. Scientists have developed a new catalytic process to. The decisive factors promoting the use of cement kilns for the utilization of wastes alternative fuels are.
Tr anspor tation, petroleum use, and alter natives guest lecture. The pieringer group, operating on international markets, has recognised the trend early and has been selling highly calorific secondary fuels and alternative fuels for years. Oct 23, 2014 this researcher has developed a reactor based on conical spouted beds which, by means of flash or rapid pyrolysis, produces fuels and raw materials using various types of waste. Effect of selected alternative fuels and raw materials on. Jaworske4 nasa glenn research center, cleveland, oh, 445 recycling human metabolic and plastic wastes minimizes cost and increases efficiency by reducing the need to transport consumables and return trash, respectively, from orbit. Substitution of fuels and raw materials by waste in high temperature processes page. Alternative fuels and secondary fuels as a new raw material.
Also known as nonconventional fuels highly oxidized, sulphur free, environmental friendly any materials or substances that can be used as fuels, other than. The pieringer group, operating on international markets, has recognised the trend early and has been selling highly calorific. Installation and operation of technology to process phc wastes into alternative fuels and raw materials for 3 gr cement kilns in romania. Residential renewable and alternative energy systems there are many opportunities to generate your own.
A natural resource is considered to be renewable when it is replaced by means of natural processes at a rate that is comparable to or faster than the rate at which it is consumed by humans. Vci position paper chances and limitations for the use of. Fill alternative fuels and raw materials handbook download, download blank or editable online. These predicaments have in turn compelled governments to impose regulations on emission levels and seek alternative fuel options. World production of bioethanol in 2005 amounted to 36. Volume 1 the logical structure and the descriptive link between theory and practice make the book a successful reference work for both professionals and those interested in entering the field of afr. Slag used as a clinker additive is outside the scope of this report. Alternative fuels and raw materials handbook download fill. In this way we reduce the amount of co 2 intensive clinker in the final product. Pdf effect of selected alternative fuels and raw materials.
Alternative fuels and raw materials handbook for the cement. It will follow a dualtrack program focusing on alternative fuels waste to energy, municipal waste, rdf, agricultural residues, paper, pulp waste and alternative raw materials slag, flyash, pozzolana, gathering international attendees and toplevel speakers to share global opportunities, practices, technologies, and perspectives. The use of energy is a factor in all our lives, and that is why it is important for us teachers to have our students learn about the energy we use now and the. There have also been improvements in the clinkertocement ratio and the use of alternative fuels is growing. Introduction sto facilitate increasing alternate fuels usage in cement industry and to utilize effectively and efficiently almost all agricultural and industrial wastes generated in the country by a protecting the environment through bringing down the emissions levels, b easing the coal shortage by encouraging more usage of afr and c generating downstream employment opportunities. May 18, 2009 biomass as a source of raw materials date. Alternative raw materials considered in this study include spent foundry sand and steel slag used as a cement kiln raw material. Pdf alternative fuels from waste products in cement industry. The use of alternative fuels and raw materials in cement manufacturing can reduce the amount of conventional fuels and virgin raw materials needed, and thus reduce the overall environmental impact of the operations. Alternative fuels and raw materials handbook, volume 1 published on jul 5, 2012 excerpts taken from the alternative fuels and raw materials handbook for the cement and lime industry. The alternative fuels and raw materials handbook consists of two volumes covering the entire range of aspects of afr.
Alternative fuels research clean automotive technology. The constantly increasing demand for raw materials and the. Alternative fuels used in transportation for the teacher. Uses of alternative fuels and raw materials in the cement. W hat is a fuel used for fuels are mostly used as convenient energy stores because of their high specific energy release when burnt with omnipresent ambient air or other specific oxidiser. Kumbaracibasi5 1department of civil engineering, okan university, istanbul, turkey, ozgur. Combustion and fuels petroleum products lpg liquid petroleum gas, engine fuels petrol, diesel oil, gas turbine fuels widecutgasoline, kerosene, diesel oil heavy oils, solid petroleum hydrocarbons paraffin, ceresine, vaseline, road and industrial asphalts, raw materials hydrocarbons for chemical synthesis. A new assessment of the material use of renewable raw. Sustainable alternative fuels in aviation sciencedirect. Cement sector trends in beneficial use of alternative fuels. Alternative raw materials and fuels heidelbergcement group. The alternative fuels program is working hard to promote the use of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles in new york city but its main challenge is to develop refueling sites for alternative fuels.
Alternative fuels and potential material compatibility issues. Canadas cement industry has made progress over past two decades in each of these areas. A new assessment of the material use of renewable raw materials. Fossil fuels petroleum, coal, and nuclear materials such as uranium. New closed storages silos for raw materials coalpetcoke silos plan for 2008 five year plan for the total project 2. Alternative fuels and raw materials handbook, volume 1 by. After mixing and homogenization, the raw materials are ground to a. List of raw materials by hs code to be further defined, but unprocessed and semiprocessed products covered in the following chapters. Guidelines for coprocessing fuels and raw materials in. Effects of alternative fuels and raw materials in sustainable. On the other hand, waste can be treated by gasification or incineration processes beforehand. Energy, environmental and greenhouse gas effects of using.
Coprocessing of alternative fuels and raw materials and. A singlevolume complete reference, the handbook of alternative fuel technologies, second edition contains relevant information on chemistry, technology, and novel approaches, as well as scientific foundations for further enhancements and breakthroughs. Alternative fuels and secondary fuels as a new raw. Properties of alcohol transportation fuels, biofuel system division, office of alternate fuels, us doe july 1991 4. These alternative materials can be either waste or. Raw materials a raw material or feedstock is basic material used in the production of goods, finished products or intermediate materials that are themselves feedstock for finished products. The increased use of alternative raw materials in cement production is thus a core element of our climate strategy. To analyze trends in beneficial use of alternative fuels and raw materials, epa sector. The promise of the future is that biobased materials will increasingly be able to replace products derived from fossil resources, either by direct substitution i. Fuels and raw materials a range of nontraditional or alternative materials can be used in cement production where such materials retain a calorific value replacing traditional fossil fuels, or where there is a material substitution value replacing natural raw materials. Substitution of fuels and raw materials by waste in high. Alternative fuels and raw materials handbook for the cement and lime industry. Fuel cell technology has been around for over 150 years and it shows great promise in powering vehicles and in providing energy for residential applications.
Cement sector trends in beneficial use of alternative. The first stage is the preparation of raw materials, such as limestone, clays, shale and iron ore that are mined and crushed, as necessary. Bg 5 what exactly do we mean by renewable resources. Pdf on mar 18, 2018, ibrahim ismail and others published alternative. S ethanol in brazil is produced mainly from sugar cane, and in the u. In the first step discussed above, only one section of an industrial furnace was examined under simplified conditions just one continuously stirred reactor element with regard to the energy exchange ratio of fuel substitution. Handbook of alternative fuel technologies green chemistry. Dan sperling november, 2012 fall quarter 2012 energy and environmental aspects of transportation civil and environmental engineering eci 163 environmental science and policy esp 163. Alternative fuels for the cement and lime industries. Sudden jump of oil prices, limited resources, greenhouse effects, environmental issues and other important aspects, force the use of renewable energy resources. As part of our sustainability commitments 2030, which were released at the end. Fuel components fuels and raw materials products for. Reference projects afr alternative fuels and raw materials. Energy, environmental and greenhouse gas effects of using alternative fuels in cement production jiao zhang advisor.
Bioethanol normal ethanol, in the processing of vegetable raw materials for use as biofuel. These links, product descriptions, and prices may change over time. This researcher has developed a reactor based on conical spouted beds which, by means of flash or rapid pyrolysis, produces fuels and raw materials using various types of waste. Hcl 1 15 10 raw materials and fuels nh 3 1 15 40 none raw materials and possible sncr benzene c 6 h 6 1 2. At group level, the proportion of clinker in cement amounted to 74. Petroleum fuels have limited reserves in the world. Scientists have developed a new catalytic process to convert components of biooil directly into alkanes. It will follow a dualtrack program focusing on alternative fuels waste to energy, municipal waste, rdf, agricultural residues, paper, pulp waste and alternative raw materials slag, flyash, pozzolana, gathering international attendees and toplevel speakers to share global. The concept of alternative fuel and raw materials afr is introduced to utilize municipal and industrial waste material and can be applied in the industries which would lead a nation towards. A new assessment of the material use of renewable raw materials a new study from the novainstitut shows higher resource efficiency, climate protection, improved security of raw material supplies and employment benefits through the increased material use of agricultural and forest products. Waste materials can be introduced directly into the kiln as alternative fuels and raw materials. Renewable raw materials have been utilized for years as building blocks for a variety of commercial products.
The crushed raw materials are mixed in different proportions to obtain the desired composition of the feed to the cement production process. Although the factors differ from country to country and cannot be generalized, there are major concerns regarding shortage of raw materials, ghg emissions, dependence on fossil fuels and lack of. In addition to its purposes as a handbook for practicing scientists and engineers, it can. Jaworske national aeronautics and space administration glenn research center cleveland, ohio 445 abstract recycling human metabolic and plastic wastes minimizes cost and increases efficiency by reducing.
With that, biomass is an important source to produce biofuels which are advantages as compared to petroleum based fuels and can be used for air and ground vehicles. Total project management included of foreign technicians, design, construction, permitting, logis. Renewable raw materials programoverview bg 5 greenability substance for success. This report is part of confedera on of indian industry, cii godrej gbcs efforts to promote. Energy intensity improved by 21% between 1990 and 2010. Alternative fuels research epa researches and evaluates the feasibility of running vehicles on nonpetroleum fuels, such as alcohol fuels. The use of alternative fuels can potentially lower emissions of criteria pollutants and greenhouse gases, and reduce americas dependence on imported oil. We use alternative raw materials for the production of clinker, which is the most important intermediate product in the manufacture of cement. Alternative fuels seminar reportpdfppt download this upsurge in vehicle population has payed the foundation for several economical and environmental concerns. Coprocessing of alternative fuels and raw materials and treatment.
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